黔南州核桃优良种质调查初报

A Preliminary Study on Walnut Superior Germlasm Investigation of Qiannan Prefecture

对黔南州核桃产区的核桃资源进行了调查,结果显示:黔南州拥有较为丰富的不同类型的核桃优良种质,其中平塘02号、福泉10号、平塘01号、惠水Ⅱ号4个品种的遗传性状和坚果综合品质最为优良;在调查区800~1 400 m的海拔范围内,三种基岩(砂岩、砂页岩、石灰岩)和两种土壤(黄壤、石灰土)都适宜核桃生长,但核桃对土层厚度、土壤酸咸度及土壤质地等要求较高,以土层深厚、土壤p H值大于5.50的壤土或砂质壤土为宜;调查区的优良种质主要以孤立木的形式零星分布于房前屋后,水肥条件好,树体较为高大,冠形大,但枝下高低,干形较差,出材率不高,由于缺乏科学管理,大小年结实现象明显。

The walnut resources in Qiannan area were surveyed,the following results were obtained:(1)There was a rich variety of different types of walnut germplasm in Qiannan,Pingtang02,Fuquan10,Pingtang01,and HuishuiⅡshowed good performance with better genetic traits and nut quality.(2)In the survey area800~1400m above sea level,walnut grew well in three kinds of bedrock(sandstone,sand shale,imestone)and two kinds of soils(yellow soil,lime soil).The soil thickness,soil acidity and soil texture were important to the growth of walnut,and it is suitable for walnut grow in soil or sandy loam with deep soil and pH value greater than5.50.(3)The excellent germplasm trees were mainly distributed solely in front of the house in investigation area.With rich water and fertilizer,the trees were tall and big,but the output rate was not high with below branches and poor shape.Moreover,the phenomenon of seed setting was obvious because of lack scientific management.