深施肥条件下双圆盘播种开沟器性能优化

Performance experiment of double disk opener used for sowing under deep fertilization

针对东北地区深施肥播种作业中播种开沟器回土性能差导致播种深度过深或烧种等问题,分析双圆盘播种开沟器回土性能。建立双圆盘开沟器与土壤运动模型,分析空间土壤颗粒位移影响因素。分析双圆盘开沟器作业后土壤回流状态,利用沟形轮廓仪绘制沟形轮廓曲线,采用分段曲线拟合方式结合数学积分法得出播种开沟器回土面积。以牵引阻力和回土面积为评价指标,土壤含水率、双圆盘开沟器直径、夹角、倾角为变量,在土槽中作正交试验。采用极差法分析试验结果,得到影响双圆盘开沟器牵引阻力和回土面积主次因素及双圆盘开沟器最优组合:在土壤含水率为12%±1%情况下,开沟器圆盘直径320 mm、圆盘夹角12°、圆盘倾角6°。选用最优参数组合双圆盘开沟器与传统双圆盘作土槽和田间对比试验,结果表明,最优参数组合双圆盘开沟器作业性能优良,可为双圆盘播种开沟器优化设计提供借鉴。

According to the problems that the poor performance in soil back of sowing boot resulted in deep sowing or burning of deed.In this paper,the performance in soil back of the double disc sowing opener was studied.The acute angle fertilizing shovel and the double disc sowing opener were combined operation.The double disc opener and soil movement models were established.Theoretical analysis of the factors influencing the spatial displacement of soil particle was carried.The soil reflux state after operation of the combined opener was analyzed.Trench surveying instrument was used to draw groove profile curve and piece wise curve fitting method combined with mathematical integral method were used to solve the soil back area of sowing boot.Making the traction resistance and soil back area as the evaluation index,the diameter,angle,dipping of double disc opener as factors,and orthogonal test was conducted on the soil crush.The effect of various factors on working performance of sowing boot was investigated,and the test results were optimized using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method which showed that the primary sequence of factors:the disc diameter,the angle of disc,the dipping of disc.The optimal combination:in the case of soil moisture content of12±1%,disc diameter of320mm,disc angle of12degrees,disc dipping of6degrees.The optimum parameters combination of double disc opener and traditional double disc were used for soil slot and field comparison.The resulted show that the optimal parameter of double disc opener was superior.This study provided valuable information for the optimization design of double disc sowing opener.