秋冬季生草对葡萄园土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Growing Grass on Soil Fertility of Grape Orchard in the Autumn-winter Period

葡萄园土壤管理通常采用清耕法,土壤温湿度变幅大,有机质含量低下。该研究选择大麦草草和毛叶苕子为试验草种,对生草后的不同草种生物量变化和土壤营养元素含量进行了测定,结果表明:大麦草的生长高度和所产鲜草量均高于毛叶苕子;大麦草和黑麦草前期生长较快,4月份达到生长最大,6月份全部收割,正好与葡萄的生长期错开;几种草种均可显著提高土壤有机质含量,其中对0~20cm表层土壤,平均增幅可达80%,对20~40cm表层土壤,平均增幅为37.5%。

The content of organic matter was low,and the soil temperature and moisture varied greatly by using clean tillage in vineyard.Three grass species including barley straw(Hordeum vulgare L.),ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.)and hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth)were selected as the research object.The biomass changes of different grass species and the contents of soil nutrient elements were determined after sod-culture.The growth height and fresh grass yield of barley straw was higher than that of hairy vetch.Barley straw and ryegrass grew earlier in early stage,the maximum growth in April.They were harvest in June just righ for staggering the growth of grape.The soil organic matter content was significantly improved of three grass species.The average growth rate of0~20cm topsoil was80%,and that of20～40cm topsoil was37.5%.