高校毕业生过度教育的度量及其对就业质量的影响

The Measurement of Over-education and Its Impacts on Employment Quality among Graduates

高校毕业生群体高就业率和高离职率并存是近年来普遍存在的现象,而过度教育可能是导致该现象产生的原因之一。本文基于高校毕业生就业调查数据,应用间接自我评估法分别从工作者和雇主的角度度量了高校毕业生群体的过度教育发生率,并进一步分析了不同度量标准对其收入和就业满意度的影响。统计结果表明,高校毕业生群体过度教育发生率大约占样本的1/3左右。其中工作者自我评估得到的过度教育发生率高于雇主标准评估结果。此外,计量分析结果表明,除了工作者自我评估得到的过度教育对其就业满意度有显著负向影响之外,其余评估结果无论是对收入还是工作满意度都没有显著性影响,说明过度教育可能并不是预测高校毕业生就业质量的有效变量,技能与工作是否匹配可能需要同时被考虑。

Recently,the coexistence of high employment rate and high turnover rate among graduates is a common phenomenon,and over-qualified might be the one of the reasons about this.The paper applies indirect self-assessment method to measure graduates’over-education separately from employees’and employers’perspective and analyzes the impacts of different measurement on graduates’wage and employment satisfaction based on graduates’employment survey data.The results show that the incidence of over-education in groups of graduates occupies about1/3part of the samples,and the estimates results about the excessive education incidence based on employees are higher than that based on employers.In addition,the econometric analysis results show that the remaining assessment outcomes have not significant impact on whether graduates’income or their job satisfaction except that over-education obtained from the workers’selfassessment has significantly negative impact.It means that the quality of employment of graduates can’t effectively be predicted if only over-education is considered,besides,skills matching with job should be considered simultaneously.