对违反法律义务行为的矫治

The Remedy for Violation of Legal Obligations

法律义务与道德义务存在协调与冲突两种可能的关系。理性经济人的行为选择需要考虑能力、偏好、机会、成本与收益等因素。矫治违反法律义务的行为需要考虑到违法者、执法者与守法者三类主体的成本与收益考量问题。对守法、用法成本的承受能力、对确定性的情感偏好与对违法风险的厌恶程度,使得处罚与教育、激励相结合的矫治模式,比单纯依靠提高处罚强度的利益算计模式,更契合理性经济人的需求。

The legal obligation may coordinate or conflict with moral obligation.The rational economic person’s behavior choice depend on those elements such as one’s ability,preference,opportunity,cost and income.In order to correct the behavior of violating legal obligation,we should consider the cost and benefit of three kinds of subjects:law breaker,law enforcer and law-abiding people.Before choose their behaviors,the rational economic person will consider the bearing capacity to the cost of abiding or using the law,the emotional preference for certainty,the degree of risk aversion.Therefore the mode of combining the punishment,education and incentive,will more easily fit the rational economic person’s need,than the benefit calculation model of simply increasing the punishment intensity.