锡林郭勒盟草地变化监测及驱动力分析

Grassland change monitoring and driving force analysis in Xilingol League

综合利用RS和GIS技术,结合2000~2013年长时间序列遥感影像数据,对锡林郭勒盟的草地变化进行了监测与分析,并从土地利用、气象条件、人类活动等多方面,利用地理相关分析等地统计分析方法,开展了草地变化驱动力分析.结果表明:2000~2013年间,锡林郭勒盟的草地质量总体上得到改善,约有4.04%的区域发生变化,变化区域中大部分属于显著或微弱增加,仅有约3.93%的变化区域退化比较明显,它们主要集中在辖区从东北向西南的中部地区,尤以苏尼特左旗东南部、锡林浩特市中部以及西乌珠穆沁旗东北部退化严重.通过相关分析发现,研究区域内草地变化与气温的相关性不显著,而与降水和人类活动的相关性显著.在上述草地退化比较严重的苏尼特左旗东南部?锡林浩特市中部以及西乌珠穆沁旗东北部地区,气温和降水的变化对草地年NDVI最大值的变化均没有显著影响(P>0.1);但除苏尼特左旗东南部外,锡林浩特市、西乌珠穆沁旗辖区内的草地退化区域皆分布在矿区8km的缓冲区内,尤其是西乌珠穆沁旗辖区内,矿区内部的草地出现了严重退化.相关的结论可服务于锡林郭勒草原生态保护监管等管理决策工作,同时相关的技术方法也可为其他区域生态变化的监测与分析提供借鉴和参考.

Grassland change monitoring and driving force analysis based on long time data series are important for the protection of the arid and semi-arid grassland ecological environment in Xilingol League.Under the background of national economic development,governance of Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source area and national implementation of pastureland rehabilitation,by using RS and GIS,remote sensing image data was selected as the data source to discuss NDVI variation of grasslands in Xilingol League from2000to2013and to analyze driving force of grassland change from aspects of land use,meteorological conditions and human activities.During2000~2013,grassland quality in Xilingol League had been improved in general and about4.04%of the region had changed.Most grassland change areas were significant or weak increases,and only about3.93%degraded in central areas of Xilingol League(shown in northeast-southwest distribution pattern),especially in Southeast Sonid Left Banner,Central Xilinhaote City and Northeast Xi Ujimqin Banner.The results indicate that grassland change had rather weak correlation with temperature,but had significant correlation with precipitation and human activities.In grassland degradation areas showed above,changes of temperature and precipitation on the annual NDVI maximum had no significant effect(P>0.1).Grassland degradation areas in Xilinhaote City and Xi Ujimqin Banner were distributed within8km of the mining area,especially in mining areaof Xi Ujimqin Banner.It reflects the change of temporal and spatial distribution of grassland in Xilingol League,and expounds the driving factors that caused the changes.The result of the study can be helpful for the Xilingol Grassland Ecological protection supervision management work.At the same time,relevant technical methods used in the study can also provide a good guidance for other regional ecological change monitoring and analysis.