山西省传统村落人口特征及变动研究

The Population Characteristics and Changes of Traditional Villages in Shanxi Province

"活态保护"的最终问题是要"留得住人",村落的人口规模、结构特征及其变化趋势是村落生机和活力的重要表征。文章以山西省289个省级以上传统村落为实证,基于"五普"、"六普"村级人口数据,对此作了分析。研究表明:(1)传统村落以中小型聚落偏多,人口规模的分化日趋明显,人口增长率具有空间关联性,晋中盆地南部是人口增长村落的集中分布区。(2)70%的村落为老年型人口结构,且老龄化速度较快;人口文化构成相对较好,文盲率下降趋势明显;外来人口活跃度逐步增强,中度和高度活跃区主要分布在1000人以上规模的村落。(3)传统村落人口规模与外来人口比重呈正相关,与老年人口系数、文盲人口比重呈低度负相关关系,人口规模与区位是"活态保护"重点和保护模式选择应考虑的重要因素。(4)总体分析,山西省传统村落仍具有较强的人口集聚活力。

The ultimate problem of“living preservation”is able to remain people stay.The population scale,structural char?acteristics and the changing trend of the village are the important representation of the vitality and vigor of the village.This paper takes289traditional villages in Shanxi Province as an example,and analyzes the problem based on the fifth and sixth population census at village level.The research indicates that:firstly,the traditional villages is mostly middle and small vil?lage in scale,and the scale differentiation is constantly increasing.The population growth rate has spatial correlation,and the southern part of Jinzhong basin is the concentrated distribution area of population growth.Secondly,70%of the villages belong to the elderly population structure,and the aging of population is faster;the composition of the population culture is relatively good,and the illiteracy rate is decreased obviously;the activity of migrant population is gradually enhanced,and the moderate and highly active areas are mainly distributed in the village of more than1000people.Meanwhile,it is shows a lower positive correlation between the population scale in traditional villages and the proportion of migrant population,and a lower negative correlation among the coefficient of elderly population and the proportion of illiterate population.Popu?lation scale and location are both the important factors of the"living protection"and the selection of protection mode to be considered.Lastly,in general,the traditional villages in Shanxi province still has a strong population gathering vitality.