下肢功能测试在评估前十字韧带重建术后安全返回赛场中的应用

Application of Lower Extremity Functional Test to the Evaluation of the Safety in Returning to Competition after ACLR

下肢功能测试(单脚跳远、单脚侧向跳、单脚箱跳和单脚8字跳)可较好评估前十字韧带功能不良,但目前相关应用研究较少。本研究对15名接受前十字韧带重建术重返赛场的女子运动员,平均年龄(22.3±3.5)岁,重返时间为术后9~12个月依次完成KOOS量表、等速肌力测试和下肢功能测试,采用配对T检验比较手术腿与健侧腿的下肢功能测试和等速肌力成绩的差异。采用皮尔逊积差相关系数检验全部测试结果的相关性。结果发现,单脚跳远成绩患侧腿明显低于健侧腿,箱跳成绩患侧腿低于健侧腿,8字跳和侧向跳成绩两侧无差异;60°/s伸展、180°/s屈曲峰力矩患侧腿与健侧腿存在差异;单腿跳远成绩与60°/s伸展峰力矩具有相关性(r=0.605),箱跳成绩与180°/s屈曲峰力矩具有相关性(r=0.560)。表明ACLR术后9~12个月重返赛场的女子运动员仍普遍存在股四头肌力量和腘绳肌力量耐力对称性不良,应避免全力的制动和起跳落地动作;运动员重返赛前应该通过膝关节等速肌力和下肢功能测试完整了解膝关节功能的恢复情况;而KOOS评分量表用于运动员ACLR术后重返赛场决策敏感度不佳。

Lower extremity functional tests(single-leg long jump,single-leg box jump,single-leg lateral jump and single-leg figure8jump)are recognized as an effective way to evaluate anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)dysfunction.However,there are few related researches in this regard.15professional female athletes(average age22.3±3.5),who had received ACL and returned to competition for9-12months after the operation,passed the tests of KOOS scoring scale,isokinetic muscle strength and lower extremity function.Paired sample T test was applied to comparing the difference of lower extremity function and isokinetic muscle strength between the operation leg and non-operation leg.And Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was applied to test the correlation of all the test results.The result shows that the result of single-leg long jump of the operation leg is apparently lower than that of the non-operation leg.The result of single-leg box jump of the operation leg is lower than that of the non-operation leg.There is no difference between the results of the figure8jump and lateral jump.There is difference between the60°/s extension torque and180°/s flexion torque of the leg that received the surgery and that of the other one.There is correlation between the single-leg long jump results and the60°/s extension torque(r=0.605).And there is correlation between the box jump results and180°/s flexion torque(r=0.560).The conclusion is that9-12months after ACLR,poor symmetry of quadriceps strength and hamstring strength endurance of the female athletes returning to competition still exists.Therefore,high-intensity braking and takeoff landing should be avoided.Before returning to competition,knee isokinetic muscle strength and lower extremity function should be tested so as to know if the knee function has been recovered.KOOS scoring scale is not sensitive in help decide whether the athlete can return to competition after ACLR.