浅析肯定与否定的非对称性——以日语表现法研究为中心

Analysis of Asymmetry of Positive and Negative:Focus on Study of Japanese Expression

日语的否定表现,大多是在谓语部分后续"ない"或者"ません"来完成的。但是就存在动词"ある"来讲,它的否定形应该是未然形后续"ない"如"ある―あらない"。但是"あらない"是不存在的。学校语法教育阶段都学过存在动词的"有"和"没有"的表达方式,例如:例1.職を選ばなければ、仕事がある。例2.三十五を超えると、マジに仕事がないなぁ。如上所示,"ある"的否定形为"ない"。事实上"ある"并没有否定形,"ない"只是在意义上和"ある"相对应,而并非它的否定形。本文将结合以上观点,以日语各种表现法为中心,通过对日语的肯定与否定表现研究,探讨肯定与否定的非对称性及语言的深层构造。

Negative expression in Japanese,mostly in the part of"Nai"or"Masen".But there is the verb"Aru"is concerned,it should be negative"shaped subsequent bud Nai"such as"Aru Nai"."The negative form Aru became"Thou"Aranai".But"Aranai"does not exist.We have learned the expressions"yes"and"no"in existential grammar at school,for example,if you don't pick a job,you'll get a job,nd over35,there's really no work left.In the stage of school education of Japanese grammar teaching content of"Aru"is"Nai".In fact,in fact"Aru"does not deny,"Nai"only in the sense and"Aru"correspondingly,rather than its negative form.Based on the above viewpoints,the thesis takes the Japanese expressions as the center,studies the positive and negative expressions of Japanese,probes into the asymmetry of affirmative and negative and the deep structure of language.