临床研究中常用的统计方法和常见问题

The common used statistic methods and common problems in clinical research

科学正确的统计方法是临床研究得出正确可信结论的重要保证。本文简要介绍了临床研究中常用的统计学方法,分析其常见的问题。统计方法有描述性统计方法、推断统计方法和辅助分析方法,推断统计方法中介绍了一元定性资料的差异性检验、一元定量资料的差异性检验、相关分析和回归分析、生存资料的分析和重复测量数据分析;辅助分析方法中介绍了样本量估计和检验效能分析、匹配、敏感性分析、期中分析和自助法。常见问题有选择合适的数据集、标准差和标准误、组间可比性、协变量的选择与调整、交互作用与亚组分析、多中心研究的问题和缺失值的处理。

The scientific and appropriate statistical analysis is the important guarantee of correct and credible conclusion made from clinical studies.This article briefly introduce commonly used statistical methods and analyze common issues in clinical studies.Statistical methods include descriptive statistics,inference statistic and auxiliary statistics.Test of difference in one categorical variable or continuous variable,correlation and regression,analysis of survival data and repeated measured were presented as inference statistics.Sample size estimation and power analysis,matching,sensitivity analysis,interim analysis and bootstrap analysis were presents as auxiliary statistics.Finally,we discuss some common issues that are correct chose of data set for analysis,standard deviation and standard error,baseline comparison,selection and adjustment of covariates,interaction effect and subgroup analysis,multicenter study and dealing with missing data.