水氮耦合对膜下滴灌棉花生长及产量的影响

Effects of Water-Nitrogen Coupling on Growth and Yield of Cotton under Mulch Drip Irrigation

【目的】研究水氮耦合对新疆北疆石河子地区膜下滴灌棉花生长和产量的影响。【方法】通过桶栽试验,结合当地棉花品种农丰133号为试验材料,在滴灌条件下进行水氮两因素三水平完全处理。灌溉设置三个水平:4 350、5 250、6 150 m^3/hm^2(分别标记为W1、W2、W3);设置三个施氮水平:300、500、700 kg/hm^2(分别标记为F0.6、F1.0、F1.4),研究棉花生育期内不同水肥处理对株高、叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质积累以及产量的影响。【结果】棉花在膜下滴灌施氮条件下,株高和叶面积指数随灌水量的增加而增加。在相同灌水处理下,棉花各项生理指标随施肥量的增加呈现先增大后降低的趋势,在施肥水平F1.0处达到最大,同时施肥过高一定程度上抑制了棉花的生长。【结论】在新疆北疆石河子棉花种植区,灌水量5 250 m3/hm^2、施氮量500 kg/hm^2为最佳膜下滴灌施肥策略。

【Objective】To study the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the growth and yield of cotton under mulch drip irrigation in Shihezi area of Xinjiang,pot experiment was designed.【Method】Nongfeng No.133,an early-maturing variety commonly cultivated in the region was used as the test material under drip-irrigated condition in a pot experiment that was completely randomized with two-factor and three-level treatments.Three irrigation levels were set:4,350,5,250and6,150m3/hm2(labeled W1,W2,W3)and three nitrogen application levels were set:300,500,700kg/hm2(labeled F0.6,F1.0,F1.4).The effects of different treatments on plant height,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton were analyzed and measured.【Result】The results showed plant height and leaf area index were increased with the increase of irrigation amount under the condition of mulch drip irrigation.At the same irrigation level,with the increase of the amount of nitrogen,the index showed that the trend increased at first and then decreased and the maximum value arrived at F1.0,however,excessive fertilization inhibited the growth of cotton to some extent.【Conclusion】Based on the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on the growth of drip-irrigated cotton,water and nitrogen fertilizer were recommended to be applied in the amounts of5,250m3/hm2and500kg/hm2,respectively in the Shihezi area in order to achieve the highest yield.