论我国民族事务治理中的身份固化与边界跨越——兼论少数民族权利保护的思路转换

Solidification of ethnic identity and the crossing of ethnic boundary in ethnic affairs governance in China

民族身份识别是我国民族事务治理的一个原点。民族身份识别及民族加权极大地促进了各民族的包容性发展,但也容易诱致民族身份固化和族际边界切割。此外,民族身份信息的非规范采集和使用也激化着民族身份认同和刺激着民族边界凸显。有鉴于此,当前民族事务治理必须强化各民族的公民身份认同和中华民族认同、规范民族身份信息采集、允许民族成员个体拥有多元民族类别的身份,强化民族身份的个人自抉、解绑民族身份与权利附加之间的关联。在民族边界跨越的后时代,我国更加应该从区域分化、社会分化和少数人的角度,强化边疆区域、弱势群体和少数群体的权利保障,以达到不谈民族权利特殊化保障而实现民族权利特殊化保障之目的。

Ethnic identification is the foundation of ethnic affairs governance in China.Ethnic identification and ethnic preferences greatly promote the balanced development of all ethnic groups,but they also tend to solidify the identity of ethnic groups and dissect the boundary among ethnics.Besides,non-normative collection and use of the information of ethnic identification sharpens ethnic identity and stimulates ethnic boundary.Given this,ethnic affairs governance at the present must strengthen citizens'identification and their identity as Chinese,regulate the collection of information of ethnic identity,allow ethnic individuals to hold multi-ethnic identity,foster individual's choice of ethnic identity,and unbind the connection between ethnic identity and rights addition.In the post-era of transcending ethnic boundary,our country should strengthen the guarantee of rights in border areas,disadvantaged groups,and minorities from the perspective of regional,social and minority distinctions so as to realize the guarantee of ethnic rights specialization without talking about ethnic rights specialization.