对宏大话语的颠覆与挑战——论20世纪80年代以降美国早期电影研究的转向

Subversion and challenge to grand discourse:The turn of American early film study since the 1980s

自20世纪50年代以来,西方人文学界出现了研究范式的语言学、文化学转向。受其影响,20世纪80年代以降,美国电影学界围绕早期电影的研究也发生了研究范式的转型。语境化的研究背景、跨学科的研究视角,搭构了更开放的研究框架,推崇更细腻的言说方式,不仅让这一时期的电影研究在电影史述与理论思考两个层面不断挑战传统的宏大话语,取得了丰硕的研究成果,也为后续的电影研究提供了新的范式,开拓了新的思路与空间,可谓影响深远。但是研究转向所暴露出的淡化电影本体、电影研究泛文化化、以现代性为阐释核心等问题,也应引起学界的批判与反思。

The paradigm of study in the western humanities has turned towards linguistics and culturology since the1950s.Under the influence of this tendency,American early movie study in the academic circle has taken the same turn in research paradigm since the1980s.Contextualized research background and interdisciplinary research perspective constitute more open frame for research and emphasize a more exquisite way of telling,which not only makes film study during this period challenge the traditional grand discourse from such two levels as historical narration of movies and theoretical reflection,achieving rich fruits,but also supplies new paradigm for the subsequent film study,thus expanding thoughts and space for research.All of these are of profound significance.But,the turn discloses such problems in film study as desalinated ontology,pan-culturalization,modernity-oriented interpretation,and the like,which should invoke criticism and reflection from the academic circle.