汽车悬架非线性螺旋弹簧的设计与仿真分析

Design and Simulation Analysis of Nonlinear Coil Spring for Automobile Suspension

通过拟合空气弹簧的特性曲线,并利用螺旋弹簧刚度计算公式得到螺旋弹簧中径和高度的关系,在ANSYS对非线性螺旋弹簧模型进行载荷分析,并对结果数据进行拟合,得到所设计弹簧的特性曲线方程.对建立四分之一悬架系统模型的动力学方程,利用摄动法将非线性弹簧特性曲线方程线性化处理且带入动力学方程中,在MATLAB/Simulink中进行仿真分析,以及与四分之一定刚度悬架系统对比分析.仿真结果表明:利用空气弹簧非线性特性所设计的非线性弹簧可有效提高车辆的舒适性和平顺性,相对于定刚度悬架其各参数指标均有很大程度的改善和提升.

By fitting the characteristic curve of the air spring and using the formula of the coil spring stiffness,the relationship between the medium diameter and height of the coil spring was found.The load characteristics of the three dimensional model were analyzed in ANSYS,and the result data was fitted to the characteristic curve equation of the designed spring.The dynamic equation of a quarter suspension model was established,the nonlinear coil spring characteristic curve equation was linearized by the perturbation method and then got into the dynamic equation.The simulation model was established in MATLAB/Simulink,and the results were compared with those of the quarter fixed stiffness suspension system.The simulation results show that the nonlinear coil spring designed by using the nonlinearity of the air spring can improve the sit comfort and ride comfort of vehicle,and the parameters of the variable stiffness are improved greatly.