摘要
The influence of tungsten trioxide(WO3)loading on the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of nitric oxide(NO)by ammonia(NH3)over WO3/cerium dioxide(CeO2)was investigated.The NO conversion first rose and then declined with increasing WO3loading.It was found that the crystalline WO3in the1.6WO3/CeO2sample could be removed in25wt%ammonium hydroxide at70°C,which improved the catalytic activity of the sample.The obtained samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy,hydrogen(H2)temperature programmed reduction,NH3temperature programmed desorption,and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy.The results revealed that the dispersed WO3promoted the catalytic activity of WO3/CeO2while the crystalline WO3inhibited catalytic activity.The oxygen activation of CeO2was inhibited by the coverage of WO3,which weakened NO oxidation and adsorption of nitrate species over WO3/CeO2.In addition,the NH3adsorption performance on CeO2was improved by modification with WO3.NH3was the most stable adsorbed species under NH3SCR reaction conditions.In situ DRIFT spectra suggested that the NH3SCR reaction proceeded via the Eley‐Rideal mechanism over WO3/CeO2.Thus,when the loading of WO3was close to the dispersion capacity,the effects of NH3adsorption and activation were maximized to promote the reaction via the Eley‐Rideal route.
铈基材料在氨选择性催化还原氮氧化物(NH_3-SCR)的研究中备受关注,亦被认为是潜在的新型环境友好型催化剂.CeO_2具有独特的氧化还原性能和优良的储释氧性能,易与其它金属氧化物发生协同催化而有利于提高催化剂的催化反应性能,而WO_3可以改善催化剂的表面酸性.研究亦报道了WO_3可以改善CeO_2的NH_3-SCR反应的高温活性和N2选择性,其原因在于WO_3增加了铈基催化剂NH_3的吸附性能且抑制了NH_3非选择性氧化成NOx.我们采用浸渍法制备了一系列负载型WO_3/CeO_2催化剂,并利用XRD,Raman,XPS,H2-TPR,NH_3-TPD和in situ DRIFT对其理化性质进行了表征,系统研究了WO_3负载量对WO_3/CeO_2催化剂NH_3-SCR催化性能的影响,主要研究的内容包括:(1)WO_3/CeO_2催化剂中WO_3的状态与催化性能之间的关系;(2)WO_3负载量对WO_3/CeO_2催化剂的NH_3和NO吸附行为的影响.NH_3-SCR反应测试表明WO_3负载量对WO_3/CeO_2催化剂有显著影响,优化的WO_3/CeO_2催化剂在200–450°C具有良好的脱硝性能,且在300°C通入SO2+H2O条件下依然保持优异的催化活性.XPS和H2-TPR结果表明,WO_3分散在CeO_2表面抑制了CeO_2表面活性氧和表面晶格氧的氧化能力,这导致催化剂对NO的氧化以及对硝酸盐的吸附性能相比于纯CeO_2显著降低,同时,in situ DRIFT也证实,随着WO_3负载量的增加,WO_3/CeO_2催化剂表面吸附硝酸盐能力下降.因此,我们认为,由于低活性的晶相WO_3覆盖在催化剂表面,阻碍了催化剂的表面活性位,降低了催化剂的氧化还原能力和表面酸量,从而晶相WO_3抑制了WO_3/CeO_2催化剂的催化活性.同时,我们发现在70°C下采用氨水可以洗掉WO_3/CeO_2催化剂中的晶相WO_3,且洗涤后的样品催化活性有所提升,这进一步验证了晶相WO_3对催化活性的抑制作用.In situ DRIFT结果表明WO_3/CeO_2催化剂上NH_3-SCR反应是通过Eley-Rideal机理进行,即吸附NH_3物种与气相NO之间发生反应.随着WO_3负载量的增加,WO_3/CeO_2催化剂中NH_3的吸附能力先增强后减弱,而NO吸附能力持续减弱,这有利于表面酸位在反应过程中不被硝酸盐阻碍,当WO_3负载量在分散容量附近时,这种吸附特性的效果发挥到最大,从而最大限度地促进NH_3-SCR反应按照Eley-Rideal机理顺利进行.
基金
supported by the National Natural Foundation of China(21607019,21503115)
the Open Project Program of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control(OVEC013)
the Talent Introduction Project of Chongqing Three Gorges University~~
