嵌入文本迷宫的隐喻:比较帕慕克《黑书》和莫言《酒国》

Metaphor Embedded in a Labyrinth of Work:Comparing the Work of Black Book with the Work of Jiuguo

帕慕克《黑书》的故事发生在被共时化的伊斯坦布尔城市空间里,而莫言《酒国》里的背景,是一个将现实高度抽象化后想象建构的虚拟空间,这个想象的酒国市是作家融合一切叙述的"熔炉"(1)。两部文学作品处于不同的文化语境,却异曲同工,采用背景文本和内文本相互映射的叙事结构,在作者与人物、人物和读者、作者和文本之间形成相似的文本迷宫。这些迷宫建立在将过去、现在的历史性记忆压缩融入当下的物质空间,并用嵌套和并列的文学叙事手法把纵向的线性时态变成共时化的记忆存在,寄寓两位作者共同的现实批判隐喻和对未来的不同展望姿态。

The story written by Orhan Pamuk in the work of Black Book takes place in the city space of Istanbul where is to have been synchronized,while the writer Mo Yan depicts a fictional world that is to construct with imagination after abstracting highly the reality as the background of Jiuguo,and the imaginary city Jiuguo is“all merge in Mo Yans narrative melting pot”①.These two works without the interchange of each others creation,however,take the similar story structure,namely,the structure of interweaving the work within the work and authors work,and forming a colorful labyrinth of work between the author and the character,the character and the reader,the author and the text.The labyrinth of works is built in the material world of the historical memories of the past and the contemporary blending in the present,and turned the longitudinal linear modality into the being of synchrony memories on the way of nested and parallel narrative.Generally,all of these embodied the common metaphor of criticizing the reality and the different prospect of the future.