从平衡到兼容:以错案为视角看刑事诉讼运行模式的更迭

From Balance to Compatibility: From the Perspective of Misjudged Cases to See the Alternation of Operation Mode of Criminal Procedure

当前,错案的频发逐步成为损害司法公信力并继而影响社会治理成效的一项关键性问题,且伴随着快速增长的认知需求与缓慢提升的认知能力之间的失衡性矛盾而日显突出。面对以错案发生为可能的直观结果,以诉讼认知与犯罪嫌疑人、被告人个体权利保障之间的对立冲突为突出表现形式的刑事诉讼程序,仅以价值平衡作为缓解矛盾的手段似不具有可行性,而通过对其常态化运行图式的剖析后发现,行政权、司法权与个体权利三者之间的不当配比与作用方式所产生的畸态平衡是导致问题产生的实质原因。因而,刑事诉讼全新图式的探索性描绘须以认知与权利保障之间的价值兼容为理念,以三权之间的适当配置与恰当作用为目标,以期通过实现新平衡作为遏制错案发生的有效路径。

At present,the frequent occurrence of misjudged cases has gradually become a critical problem that damages the credibility of the judiciary and then affects the effectiveness of social governance.Meanwhile,with the rapid growth of cognitive demand and the slow increase of cognitive ability,the imbalance between cognitive ability is becoming more and more prominent.In the face of the possible visual result of the misjudged case,and the conflict between the litigation cognition and the individual rights guarantee of the suspect or defendant,which is the prominent form of criminal procedure.Therefore,it is not feasible to use balance of value as a means to relieve contradictions.Yet through the analysis of its normalization operation pattern,it is found that the distortion balance between administrative power,judicial power and individual rights,which is caused by the improper proportion and mode of action between the three,is the substantial cause of the problem.Thus,the exploratory description of the new pattern of criminal procedure should be based on the compatibility between the rights of cognition and the protection of rights,and should aim at the proper allocation and proper function between the three rights,hoping that the new balance could be an effective way to restrain misjudged cases.