误证与伪证:论民事诉讼中证人证言的可靠性

False Certificate and Perjury: Argument the Reliability of Witness Testimony in Civil Litigation

证人在民事诉讼中作伪证可区分为非故意心态的误证和故意心态下的伪证。证人没有作伪证的故意却出现虚假陈述的结果是因为其感知信息的偏差、记忆信息的失真或信息表述的差错。而证人故意做伪证的原因大体可分为四类,即:世俗文化的困扰和道德判官的心态;制度保障的缺位和实践理性的异化;不当利益的引诱和正当激励的匮乏;伪证法律责任较轻与博弈思维下的侥幸。因此必须从建立证人出庭宣誓制度着手,完善证言审查机制与伪证追责制度。同时引入民事诉讼免证特权制度,优化证人信息保密措施。另外,必须重新梳理证人的安全保障制度,确立民事诉讼证人经济补偿激励,从而为提升民事诉讼中证人证言的可靠性奠定坚实的基础。

In the civil litigation,the behavior of the witnesses to provide the false evidence can be divided into unintentional and intentional.the reason why the evidence is false when the witnesses dosenot provide the false evidenceintentionnaly,can be related to the deviation of the perceived information,the distortion of the memory information or the error in the represenlation of the information.the reasons for the perjury of witnesses can be divided into four categories,namely,the troubled secular culture and the mentality of moral judges;the absence of institutional security and the alienation of practical reason;the lack of improper interest and the lack of legitimate incentives;Lighter and game thinking under the luck.Therefore,we must proceed from the establishment of a witness to attend the oath system,improve the testimony review mechanism and perjury system.At the same time,we should bring in the civil litigation Exemption privilege system.optimize the witness information confidentiality measures.In addition,it is necessary to re coming the witness security system and establish the economic compensation to incentive of civil litigation witnesses,so as to lay a solid foundation for improving the reliability of witness testimony in civil litigation.