学艺商贾——中国传统商业学徒制研究

Xue-Yi-Shang-Gu: On the Chinese Traditional Business Apprenticeship

传统中国,在士、农、工、商"四民四业"之传承范式中,尤以商业学徒制最为典型。尽管学徒家传、学徒商官、学徒行会、学徒商号之间存有差异,但激发学商的政策"重抑"效应,由操守、规范、技能、智慧、耐力所构建的学徒"课业",及由收徒、传艺、考核、出师所表达的学徒"进程",尤显"强勉拙诚"的工匠逻辑、"仁厚守规"的行业品性、"士商崇官"的文化底色,遂使职业教育的技术性、行业性、本土性贯彻其中。

In traditional China,among the succession modes of Four Professions,i.e.,Scholars,Farmers,Workers and Businessmen,Business Apprenticeship had been the most typical system.Although apprenticeships in home,public school,guild,or firm have been different to each other,it is expressed generally the craftsman logic of Qiang-Mian-Zhu-Cheng,the industry characteristics of Ren-Hou-Shou-Gui,the cultural feature that scholars and businessmen should show respect to officer,by the policies with emphasis effect,the courses on moral behavior,norms,skills,wisdom,and endurance,and the process including enrollment,teaching,examination and graduation,finally following out the technical,industrial and native characteristics of vocational education.