采用ALOHA软件对甲醇储罐泄漏扩散范围影响因素的敏感性分析

Sensitivity Analysis of Influencing Factors of Leakage and Diffusion Range of Methanol Storage Tank with ALOHA Software

甲醇是最重要的化工原料之一,被认为是可替代化石燃料的新能源,但作为危险化学品的一员,其安全与环境问题不容忽视。以甲醇储罐泄漏后毒气扩散所造成的中毒事故为研究对象,基于重气扩散(DEGADIS)模型,采用ALOHA软件对甲醇储罐泄漏后毒气扩散范围的影响因素(环境和工艺过程参数)进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:甲醇有毒蒸气云的最大扩散距离会随着大气温度、储罐温度和储罐泄漏口直径的增加而增大,随着风速、大地表面粗糙度和大气相对湿度的增加而减小。其中,大气温度、风速、大地表面粗糙度和储罐泄漏口直径对毒气的最大扩散距离具有重要影响,大气相对湿度和储罐温度则次之,而储罐的充填率和储罐泄漏口高度对毒气的最大扩散距离几乎无影响。

Methanol is one of the most important chemical raw materials and regarded as a new energy alternative to fossil fuels,but as a member of hazardous chemicals,its safety and environmental problems cannot be ignored.Based on the Dense Gas Atmospheric Dispersion(DEGADIS)model,this paper focuses on the poisoning accidents caused by leakage of methanol storage tank and conducts the sensitivity analysis of the factors(environmental and technology process parameters)that affect the diffusion distance of the toxic gas by using ALOHA software.The results show that the maximum diffusion distance of the toxic vapor cloud increases with the rise of atmospheric temperature,tank temperature and leakage diameter,and decreases with the increase of wind speed,surface roughness and atmospheric relative humidity.Among them,atmospheric temperature,wind speed,surface roughness and leakage diameter have the greatest influence on the maximum diffusion distance of vapor cloud,followed by atmospheric relative humidity and tank temperature,while the filling ratio of tank and leakage height have little impact on the maximum diffusion distance.