毕节市13个农业园区耕地质量现状及保护利用对策

Current Situation of Cultivated Land Quality and Its Protection and Utilization Countermeasures in 13 Agricultural Parks of Bijie City

为农业园区耕地可持续利用和健康发展提供参考,采用土壤取样检测方法对毕节市13个省级重点农业园区土壤的pH及有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量等耕地质量指标及地力进行分析。结果表明:毕节市13个省级重点农业园区耕地质量以3~5等级地力为主,土地平均耕层厚度为24.02cm,土壤pH为6.27,园区建成后的耕作层土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别为49.35g/kg、2.31g/kg、36.59mg/kg和189.88mg/kg,比园区建设前分别增加32.6%、22.2%、65.9%和26.9%。针对园区建设存在的土地保护重视力度不够、农田基础设施薄弱、土壤酸化较严重和用养地失衡等问题,提出了建立园区耕地质量动态监测及预警系统,加强农田基础设施建设,开展测土配方施肥与耕地质量保护利用的对策。

The pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium of soil samples from 13 key provincial agricultural parks in Bijie City are determined to analyze their cultivated land quality and soil fertility and to provide a reference for sustainable utilization and healthy development of cultivated land of agricultural parks.Results:The grade of soil fertility of 13 key provincial agricultural parks in Bijie City is Grade 3,Grade 4 and Grade 5 mainly and their average topsoil thickness and pH are 24.02 cm and 6.27 respectively.The content of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium in topsoil of 13 agricultural parks after park establishment is 49.35 g/kg,2.31 g/kg,36.59 mg/kg and 189.88 mg/kg,32.6%,22.2%,65.9% and 26.9% higher than those before park establishment respectively.The countermeasures to build the perfect dynamic monitoring and early warning system,enhance farmland infrastructure construction,promote soil testing and formulated fertilization and develop protection and utilization of cultivated land quality are proposed according to the problems of insufficient attention force on land protection,weak farmland infrastructure,serious soil acidification and unbalance farmland utilization during construction of agricultural parks.