竞业限制法律制度完善研究

Studies on Improvement of the Legal System of Noncompetition Covenant

竞业限制法律制度需要完善其效力要件和履行机制。竞业限制法律制度已经确认合理性原则,经济补偿应属于竞业限制协议的效力性要件,没有约定经济补偿的竞业限制协议应当无效。劳动合同的解除方式不应对竞业限制协议的效力产生影响。我国劳动合同法应当建立劳动者单方选择权的法定抗辩制度,不应赋予用人单位对于竞业限制协议的单方任意解除权。劳动者承担违约金责任后,不应再负担继续履行的义务。

The validity elements and enforcement mechanism of noncompetition covenant should be improved.Reasonableness is the ultimate test for noncompetition covenants.Economic compensation should be an effective clause,which means a noncompetition covenant is invalid if the compensation clause is missing.How to terminate the labor contract should not play any role in judging the effectiveness of a noncompetition covenant.The statutory defense system of the employee's unilateral option should be established in Labor Contract Law,and the employer should not be authorized the right of terminating the noncompetition covenant at will.If the employee violates the noncompetition covenant,the responsibility of noncompetition should be absolved when the employee assumes liquidated damages.