类型化路径下我国公务员人事行政权利司法救济的有限引入

On the Limited Introduction of Judicial Relief in Civil Servants' Personnel Administrative Rights through the Path of Categorization in China

我国当前对公务员人事行政权利的救济框架具有内部化和单一化特征,仅存在不完善的行政内部救济路径,外部司法救济路径被排除,这导致我国公务员人事行政权利救济处于有效性、规范性、正当性不足的状况。有鉴于此,应当秉持有限引入司法救济的基本思路,将行政体系功能的维持与个体权利的保障这对矛盾的平衡作为确定要在多大程度上引入司法救济的衡量标准。通过寻找不同平衡点,可以将公务员人事行政权利区分为三种类型——人身性权利、财产性权利和职业性权利。针对三种权利类型分别提供强法治、弱法治和最弱法治三种路径,设计具有不同前置程序、介入程度和司法审查标准的不同制度,最终建构一个符合我国国情、能够有效保障公务员人事行政权利的救济制度。

The current relief framework of civil servant personnel administrative rights has internationalized and simplified characteristics. There is only one imperfect internal path,and the judicial relief path is excluded. This framework results in a poor situation of rights protection with effectiveness,normalization and legitimacy disadvantages. Because of this,the basic idea of reform is to introduce judicial relief in a limited and partial degree,according to the balance of the function of administrative system and the protection of individual rights. Through looking at the different equilibrium point,the civil service administrative rights can be divided into three types: human rights,property rights and occupational rights. Judicial relief should respectively be offered to the three types of rights in three different ways: the strong rule of law,the weak rule of law and the weakest rule of law. Each path has different prepositional procedure,intervention degrees and standard for judicial review. By doing this can we finally construct a civil servant personnel administrative relief system which can conform to China's national conditions and effectively protect the rights of civil servant.