里约奥运会女子20km竞走运动员战术节奏研究

Tactical Rhythm of Athletes of Women 20 km Walking Race in the Rio Olympic Games

运用文献资料法、比较分析法、数理统计及观看录像等研究方法,对里约奥运会女子20 km竞走比赛中个人最好成绩或赛季最好成绩在1:29:00以内的17名运动员的战术节奏进行研究。研究发现:17名运动员整体竞技水平没有表现出来;前8名运动员在各区段速度节奏变换的方式及速度存在差异,后半程差异明显,全程速度节奏均以积极节奏为主,采用适合个人竞技特点的速度节奏对竞走比赛结果有着重要的影响;冠军刘虹全程速度变化幅度及离散程度最大,第8名最小,速度变化的幅度及离散程度与名次成负相关;17名选手比赛中位置变化存在交替、前移或后退状态,交替型位置节奏更利于"团队协作",为众多选手所采用。

With the methods of literature,comparative analysis,mathematical statistics,video viewing and others,the tactial rhythm was studied for the17athletes who have the best results within1:29:00in the20km walking race of the Rio Olympic Games or the best time of the season within1:29:00.The results showed that the overall athletic competences of the17athletes have not been shown out;the rhythm change and speed of the first eight athletes were different in each section,the difference was obvious in the second half,and the rhythm of the whole process was dominated by the positive rhythm;the rhythm and speed suitable for individual have important impacts on competition results;champion LIU Hong had the biggest chang amplitude and dispersion degree of speed for whole course,while the No.eight had the smallest ones,the chang amplitude and dispersion degree of speed negatively correlated with the ranking results;for17players in the game,there were alternating,forward or backward state,alternate position rhythm was more conducive to″teamwork″and was used by most players.