杭州市乡土缀花草坪植物种类及配置组合的优选

Optimal Selection of Plant Species and Configuration Combinations of Local Flower Lawn in Hangzhou

缀花草坪是一种富有野趣的园林绿化景观模式,目前国内缀花草坪上应用的草花多以进口为主,缺乏特色且易退化。从当地的野花资源中筛选出优良种类,进行模拟自然的配置,才能保持乡土特色和稳定持久的景观。以杭州市野生的30个缀花草坪组合样方为研究对象,2015年、2016年连续两年对其植物种类、数量、植株高度、盖度、花冠直径、花朵数量、物候等进行了调查,采用层次分析法(AHP法)对其进行了综合评价。结果表明:蒲公英、聚花过路黄、活血丹、皱果蛇莓、紫云英、蛇含委陵菜、匍茎通泉草、酢浆草8种植物是适合杭州市缀花草坪的优良植物;"蒲公英+早熟禾","活血丹+小毛茛","皱果蛇莓+紫花地丁"等11个组合表现优良,可作为模拟自然的配置参考,值得推广应用。

Flower lawn is a garden landscape type full of natural joy.Currently,the majority of flowers in domestic flower lawn are imported,being lack of characteristics and prone to degradation.In order to maintain the local characteristics and stable landscape,it is must to select good species from local flower resources and to simulate the natural configuration.Taking30wild flower lawn quadrats in Hangzhou as research object,the plant species,quantity,height,coverage,corolla diameter,flowering amount,and phenology were investigated during2015and2016,followed by comprehensive evaluation using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).The results showed that8plant species,including Taraxacum mongolicum,Lysimachia congestiflora,Glechoma longituba,Duchesnea chrysantha,Astragalus sinicus,Potentilla kleiniana,Mazus miquelii,and Oxalis corniculata,were excellent materials for flower lawns in Hangzhou.The11combinations such as“Taraxacum mongolicum+Poa annua”,“Glechoma longituba+Ranunculus ternatus”,“Duchesnea chrysantha+Viola philippica”showed outstanding performance,could be used as references to simulate natural configuration and worth promoting application.