评价话语的语用学研究:行为、标准与语境

Evaluative Act, Criteria and Context: Towards a Pragmatic Account of Evaluative Discourse

评价是指说话者或作者对其谈论的事物或命题表明自己的态度、立场和观点,因此评价及评价语言是语言主体性和主体间性的重要体现。本文首先简要概述了评价研究的两种主要研究视角,然后从语用学视角对评价话语进行重新审视,分析了评价话语如何作为言语行为来表达说话者的言外之意,及其与经典言语行为理论框架内原有范畴之间的关系。最后,本文着重从评价的标准出发,探讨了评价行为与特定社会文化语境之间的关联性。

Evaluation refers to the speaker’s or writer’s expression of attitudes,feelings,and opinions through the language,and can be considered as the manifestation of subjectivity and intersubjectivity of language.This paper first reviews two main approaches to studying linguistic evaluation and then proposes a pragmatic approach to study evaluative utterances by considering how it functions as a set of speech acts to convey the speaker’s illocutionary point and how it is related to the categories in the classical speech act framework.Finally,with a particular focus onthe criteria of evaluation,it further explores the relationship between the evaluative act and the given socio-cultural context.