无菌鼠模型在结直肠癌研究中的应用

Application of germ-free mice in colorectal cancer research

越来越多的证据表明,肠道微生物群的组成与结直肠癌的发生发展密切相关。无菌动物模型,尤其是无菌鼠模型简单、易获得,为研究微生物群、结直肠肿瘤及机体间的复杂关系提供了重要工具。无菌鼠模型的建立主要通过剖腹产及无菌隔离器饲养和繁育来实现。在此基础之上,可以根据特定的研究目的,建立转基因或药物诱导的特殊类型无菌鼠模型。目前,无菌鼠模型在结直肠癌研究中已经得到了广泛应用。基于无菌鼠模型的研究结果表明,微生物或微生物群可以激活免疫和诱发炎症,从而促进结直肠癌的发生发展;同时也证明,微生态失衡与结直肠癌的发生发展相辅相成、互为因果关系。由于无菌鼠模型是研究微生态失衡所致的结直肠癌及相关疾病研究重要且有效的研究载体,因此,值得进一步推广应用。

Accumulated evidence shows that gut microbial composition is closely related to the development of colorectal cancer.Germ free animal models,especially germ free murine models,have been shown to be simple and easy to access,which provide a valuable tool for studying the correlation between microbiota,colorectal neoplasms and the host.These models are mainly established by cesarean section followed by rearing and breeding the pups in sterile isolators.Similarly,some special models,such as transgenic and drug induced murine models,can also be developed according to the study purposes.To date the germ free murine models have been widely used in the field of colorectal cancer research,showing that certain microbes or microorganisms can promote the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer by activating immune response and inducing inflammation.Results from germ free murine models have demonstrated that gut microbial dysbiosis and colorectal cancer development influence each other and are reciprocal causation.Taken together,germ free murine models are important tools for investigating the mechanisms of the tumorigenesis in colon and rectum,especially dysbiosis induced colorectal cancer.