论魏晋名士眼中的“丑”——以《世说新语》为中心的考察

On “Ugliness” in Eyes of Scholars of Wei and Jin Dynasties-Investigations Centered on Shi Shuo Xin Yu

《世说新语》被誉为"名士底教科书","士"是魏晋时代一个特有的阶层。魏晋名士眼中的"丑"有官员眼中的俗务与做作之丑、士庶门第之丑、南北地域歧视之丑以及其他。究其审丑观形成的原因:一是魏晋政治动荡黑暗、名教崩坏,魏晋名士崇尚清谈、信奉老庄。故而自命清高,鄙弃俗务,在政治上不想也不敢有所作为;二是居于政治经济优势地位的士族为保持其"贵族血统",看重门第,不与庶族交往和通婚;三是长期以来形成的名士的孤高自傲、卓荦不群,在晋室南渡之后使南北名士的互相鄙夷加剧。魏晋名士眼中的这些"丑"在今人看来都是"不丑"的。

Shi Shuo Xin Yu is renowned as“a textbook of scholars”.Scholars are a unique class of Wei and Jin Dynasties.The“ugliness”in the eyes of scholars of Wei and Jin Dynasties contained the officials’chores and affectation,hierarchy between scholars and the multitude,and the regional discrimination between the south and the north.The scholars'view of ugliness results from the following reasons:First,Wei and Jin Dynasties saw the dark political upheavals and collapsed ceremony and rituals,when the scholars preferred empty talk advocated by Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu to chores so they,smug and aloof,did not want or dare to be ambitious politically.Second,the scholars in political and economic dominance,in order to keep their“noble ancestry”,did not associate with and marriage the multitude because of emphasizing hierarchy.Third,the long standing smugness,aloofness,and arrogance of the famous scholars enhanced the contempt between the southern and northern famous scholars after the Jin Royalty retreated to the south of the Yangtze River.Such“ugliness”in the eyes of the famous.