偏振光特性分析实验的改进

Improvement of Polarization Characteristic Analysis Experiment

在光学实验中,光的偏振现象的观察与分析是一个基础性实验,实验验证了马吕斯定律。但是在验证马吕斯定律的过程中,发现学生往往得不到正确的实验结论。采用控制变量的方法,通过大量的实验,分析了实验过程中导致实验结果产生偏差的可能原因。结果发现以氦氖激光灯作为光源发出的光是非理想线偏振光,由于学生选择的起偏器的初始角度不同,导致有的学生可以得到正确的实验结论,而有的学生得不到。在利用学校现有实验器材的前提下,对实验过程进行改进,使得到的实验曲线能够很好的符合马吕斯定律。

In optical experiments,the observation and analysis of the polarization of light is a basic experiment,and the experiment proves Marius’s law.But in the process oi validating Marius’s law,it is found that students always do not get the correct experimental conclusion.In this paper,the possible reasons of the deviation from correct conclusion have been analysis by controlling variables method and massive experiments.It is lound that the helium-neon laser light as the light source is the non-ideal linearly polarized light.Students choose the initial angle of the polarizer by occasionally,so some one can get the correct experimental conclusions,while some others cannot.In order to utilize existing experimental equipment in our school,the experimental process has been optimized and the experimental curve agrees with the Marius's law very well.