英汉违实结构及违实义生成比较研究

A Comparison on the Syntactic and Semantic Generation of Counterfactuals Between English and Chinese

通过讨论英汉违实结构及其违实义生成问题,发现英语违实句有显性的违实标示语,违实义启动可在句法内部独立完成。英语违实义源自违实算子和后推时态标示语-ed之间的非语类特征核查。汉语违实句则没有专属违实算子驱动,源自语篇或非语言语境的违实义通过C节点与句法中的"要不是"、时间副词等具有假设强化功能的标示语形成呼应关系。汉语违实义加工对语境和标示语密度的依赖程度更高。

This paper compares the syntactic and semantic generation of counterfactuals(CF)between English and Chinese.English CFs are overtly marked by the exclusive CF operator(Opcf),the backshifting past tense marker,that can trigger readers syntactically a CF interpretation.Chinese,on the other hand,has no such an exclusive Opcf in the generation of CF interpretation,but an unambiguous CF reading requires a clue from linguistic or non-linguistic context via the syntactic node C that corresponds with such hypothesis-enhancing markers as"yao bu shi",time adverbials and so on.And therefore,a CF interpretation in Chinese is facilitated with hypothesis-enhancing markers in addition to the contribution of contextual clue.