新生儿血小板减少症诊断与治疗进展

Thrombocytopenia in neonates

新生儿血小板减少症是新生儿,尤其是早产儿最常见的血液学异常之一。根据发病时间可分为早发型血小板减少及晚发型血小板减少。前者多与围生期因素有关,而后者多与感染相关。根据血小板减少的程度可分为轻度、中度和重度。早产儿更容易发生较为严重的血小板减少,并因此出现各脏器出血甚至影响患儿生命。正确判断新生儿血小板减少的病因,并给予恰当的治疗,是减少并发症发生的关键。目前血小板输注是治疗新生儿血小板减少症的有效手段,但对于血小板输注的标准及时机仍有争议。

Thrombocytopenia is a very common hematological abnormality in newborns,especially in preterm neonates.It can be divided into two categories:early thrombocytopenia and late thrombocytopenia.Early thrombocytopenia is associated with intrauterine growth restriction,whereas late thrombocytopenia is caused mainly by sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis.Platelet transfusions are an effective treatment for neonatal thrombocytopenia.However,the platelet transfusion guidelines differ widely across countries.