社区老年女性伤害特征及影响因素分析

Characteristics of Injuries in Elderly Women and Influencing Factors

目的了解上海市长宁区社区老年女性伤害流行病学特征及其影响因素，为今后制订并实施针对性地干预策略提供依据。方法应用自编问卷，通过分层整群随机抽样的方法调查长宁区3个社区9000户家庭60岁及以上女性3408人，分析其过去一年的伤害发生情况。结果长宁区社区老年女性伤害发生率为30.3%(1031人)，跌倒仍在各种伤害类型中位居首位，发生率为13.2%(450人)。婚姻、人均月收入和住宅类型等家庭因素对老年女性伤害发生有影响。大多数伤害发生在白天，伤害发生时调查对象多在家中做家务，伤害主要累及肩部和四肢部位，绝大多数伤害较轻微且未带来功能性障碍。结论应持续在长宁区通过多途径推广老年人防跌倒，并借鉴其成功实践经验对威胁老年女性健康的其他主要伤害类型，开展针对性的防范措施，以减少伤害的发生。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of injuries in female seniors in Changning district,Shanghai in order to provide objective evidence for setting up the prevention strategy.Methods A total of3408women aged60and over from9000families in3communities were recruited by stratified cluster random sampling and surveyed by finishing a home-designed questionnaire.Results The incidence of injuries among women aged60and over was30.3%(1031),and falls(13.2%)was the leading cause of injuries.The factors including marriage,household income and the type of residential exerted influence on the injuries.The most injuries occurred while the women were doing housework at home during the day.Most injuries located in shoulders or limbs and mildly affected functions of them.The vast majority of injuries recovered completely.Conclusion The existing prevention strategy should continue and additional specific interventions should be instituted to reduce the incidence of other major injuries that are threatening to female seniors.