社区老年人跌倒发生现况及其危险因素的调查

The Falls and Risk Factors in the Elderly Living in a Community

目的了解社区内老年人的跌倒情况及危险因素，为社区干预提供依据。方法采用简单随机抽样的方法对某社区1262位老年人进行入户调查，调查内容有一般情况、健康状况、对跌倒的认知、过去一年跌倒的发生情况以及预防跌倒的情况。结果跌倒发生率为26.31%，女性高于男性；跌倒发生率随着年龄增长而增加。跌伤的发生率为14.42%，女性高于男性；且随着年龄增长而增加。跌倒的地点以家中为主。多因素分析显示独居、文化程度低、需要使用拐杖、认为跌倒的不可预防是该社区老年人跌倒的危险因素。结论该社区老年人跌倒发生率比较高，后果严重，需要重点干预高危人群、重点关注居家环境。

Objective To provide the evidence for community intervention of falls in the elderly by investigating the status and risk factors of fall in a community of Shanghai.Methods1262elderly people in a community were recruited by simple random sampling and surveyed by finishing a home-designed questionnaire with items of general situation,health status,the cognition of falling,epidemic characteristics and prevention measures of falling.Results The incidences of falls and fallrelated injuries were26.31%and14.42%,respectively.The incidences were higher in females than in males,and increased with age.The most of falls took place at home.63.31%of participants believed that falling is preventable.The risk factors of falls included living alone,low education level,using crutches,and belief that falls are unpreventable.Conclusion The incidence of falls in the elderly in the community was high.Specific interventions should be in place for the high-risk group and living environment of them should be improved.