社区60岁及以上老年人跌倒现状及相关因素分析

Analysis of Fall Incidence and Related Factors in Community-dwelling Elders

目的了解60岁及以上社区老年人跌倒发生现状及其相关影响因素,为预防老年跌倒,提高老年人生活质量提供依据。方法由经过培训的调查员入户对2 006名60岁及以上老年人进行问卷调查,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析其危险因素。结果调查对象过去12个月跌倒发生率为16.20%。女性高于男性(19.00%vs 13.04%),差异显著(x^2=13.07,P<0.001)。60~64岁,65~69岁,70~74岁,75~79岁,80~84岁,≥85岁组跌倒发生率分别为13.13%,14.71%,17.53%,17.97%,19.65%和21.67%,跌倒发生率随年龄的增加而上升(趋势x^2=10.03,P<0.01)。经多因素Logistic回归分析,女性(OR=1.47)、独居(OR=1.52)、辅具使用[(偶尔用OR=2.29),(经常用OR=3.03)1、被诊断脑卒中(OR=1.79)、被诊断糖尿病(OR=1.57)、被诊断骨质疏松(OR=2.41)、自评自身健康差(OR=1.88)和老年人跌倒有相关性。结论社区老年人跌倒发生率高。应针对女性、独居、使用辅具、诊断为脑卒中、糖尿病和骨质疏松、以及自评健康差的老年人采取综合干预措施,减少跌倒发生。

Objective To investigate epidemic characteristics of fall and risk factors in community-dwelling elderly so as to provide evidence for preventing elderly from falling and enhancing quality of their lives.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with2006elders in Zhejiang.Data were collected through face-to-face interview.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regressions were applied to find risk factors of falling.Results The incidence of falling in the surveyed elders within the past12months was16.20%.The incidence of falling in the female was19.00%,which is significantly higher than that in male of13.04%(χ213.07,<0.001).The corresponding figures of60646569707475798084,85years groups were13.13%,14.71%,17.53%,17.97%,19.65%,and21.67%respectively.The incidence of falling increased with age(trendχ2=10.03,<0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that female(OR=1.47),living alone(OR=1.52),use of assistive devices(occasionally OR=2.29often OR=3.0),being diagnosed with stroke(OR=1.79),diabetes(OR=1.57),osteoporosis(OR=2.41),poor perceived general health(OR=1.88)were associated with falling in community-dwelling elderly.Conclusion The incidence of falling among the elderly in Zhejiang communities is high.The elderly who were female,living alone,using assistive devices,being diagnosed with stroke,diabetes,osteoporosis,and with poor perceived general health are focus groups of falling prevention.The comprehensive measures should be taken to reduce falling among the focus groups.