家庭因素对青少年自我伤害行为的影响研究

Effects of Family Factors on the Non-suicidal Self-injury in Adolescents

目的了解青少年自我伤害行为的发生现况，探讨家庭因素对青少年自我伤害行为的影响。方法采用整群抽样的方法，对武汉市两所中学全体在校初中学生进行问卷调查，调查内容包括家庭基本情况、父母教养方式、过去一年内青少年自我伤害行为。本次研究共调查1990名中学生，获得有效问卷1808份。结果青少年过去一年自我伤害行为发生率为18.3%，其中男生（19.1%）略高于女生（17.2%），差异无统计学意义。在调整人口学变量的影响后，父母对子女的忽视（OR=3.19，95%CI=1.20～8.45）、亲子关系疏远（OR=2.20，95%CI=1.38～3.50）、父母关系疏远（OR=2.20，95%CI=1.25～3.87）等家庭因素均提高青少年自我伤害行为的发生风险。结论青少年自我伤害行为在青少年学生中较为常见,家庭教养方式、父母关系、亲子关系等家庭因素对自我伤害行为的发生有影响，家庭因素的作用不容忽视。

Objectives To assess the incidence of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents,and explore the association between family environment and non-suicidal self-injury.Methods1990adolescents from two secondary schools in Wuhan participated in this survey,of which1808students met the inclusion criteria.Self-report questionnaire was used to collect social demographic data,family factors and non-suicidal self-injury behaviors.Results18.3%of the participants reported having non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors in the past year.The incidences among the male and female students were19.1%and17.2%,respectively,without statistical significance.Parent neglect(OR=3.19,95%CI=1.20~8.45),parent-child estrangement(OR=2.2095%CI=1.38~3.50),and estrangement between parents(OR=2.20,95%CI=1.25~3.87)increased the risk of non-suicidal self-injury behaviors.Conclusion The incidence of non-suicidal self-injury behaviors among adolescents in Wuhan had no gender difference.Close relationships among family members may reduce the chance of non-suicidal self-injury behaviors among adolescents.