从“必然性”角度浅析哲人的回归

A Brief Analysis of the Philosopher's Return from the Perspective of "Inevitability"

在《理想国》[500d]中,苏格拉底说"如果有某种必然性迫使他……",这其中的"某种必然性"指代什么并没有被直接阐明。本文将从对"洞喻"中的后半段——囚徒回归洞穴一段入手进行分析,并从两个角度浅析所谓的"必然性",即为哲人回归"洞穴"(或者说成为"哲人王")的必然性:一是外在必然性,即什么外部原因逼迫"囚徒"在接触"洞外世界"被迫返回;二是内在必然性:即什么内在原因导致"囚徒"在没有绳索的牵制下,自己虽然不情愿,却仍旧主动调头并重新返回洞穴。最后,本文简述了两种必然性之间存在的统一性。

In"The Republic"[500d],Socrates says,"if there is some inevitability that compels him..."."Some inevitability"refers to what is not directly stated.This paper will analyze the last half of"the Allegory of the Cave"-the prisoner returns to the cave,and briefly analyze the so-called"inevitability"from two perspectives,that is,the inevitability of the philosopher's return to the"cave"(or the philosopher's becoming the"king of philosophers").One is external inevitability,that is,some external reasons compel the"prisoner"to touch the world out of the cave and he is compelled to return;the other is internal inevitability,that is,due to some internal reasons,although reluctantly,the"prisoner"still take the initiative to turn around and return to the cave.Finally,this paper outlines the unity of the two inevitabilities.