摘要
Climate change has led to increased frequency, intensity,and duration of extreme weather events, e.g., intense rainfall,heat waves, droughts, and storm surges, worsened byrapid population growth and urbanization at the global scale.Evidence can be found in the exceptional number of unprecedentedweather extremes and the resulting naturalhazards, especially flooding, as seen in the last few decades.For example, the UK has experienced numerous storms andsevere floods in the last decade, particularly in 2007, 2012,and 2015, with 2012 being recorded as the second wettest year in the UK and the wettest ever in England. These events have resulted in lives lost and tremendous economic damage. The UK is not alone. Similarly unusual weather events have been reported across the globe. In China,different types of flooding threaten 1/10 of the country's total area, millions of hectares of farmland, and over 100 large cities, making it one of the most vulnerable countries to flooding.
