汉族祭祖习俗及其文化内涵研究——以宁德李氏后裔“三年一贡”习俗为例

Study on the Ancestor Worship and its Cultural Connotation of the Han Ethnic Group——Taking the “Once tribute every three years” Ancestor Worship for the Li Descendants in Region of Ningde as an Example

祭祖自古以来就是中华民族的重要习俗,是中华优秀传统文化中的一部分。以福建省宁德市李氏后裔"三年一贡"的祭祖习俗为例,研究该习俗的由来、组成与文化内涵。该习俗是由李氏始祖李褆与随从士兵分别时"三年一聚"的约定演变而来,由各地李氏后裔依次举行的贡祖典礼和正月初三的接祖仪式两大部分组成。其中,各地的贡祖典礼由祭祀先祖、贡祖法会、族亲宴会等组成,正月接祖仪式由礼生走礼、宗亲宴会、共阅祖谱、接祖仪式等组成。"三年一贡"的祭祖习俗蕴含着"仁""义""礼""和"等文化内涵。保护和弘扬"三年一贡"祭祖习俗等中华优秀传统文化的基本思路,对于以传统文化涵养社会主义核心价值观具有借鉴意义。

Ancestor worship is an important custom for Chinese nation since ancient times,which is a part of Chinese excellent traditional culture.This paper takes the“Once tribute every three years”Ancestor Worship for the Li descendants in region of Ningde as the individual case,and studies the origin,composition and cultural connotation of this ancestor worship custom.The custom evolved from the appointment of Li's ancestor Li Ti with his servan’s promise of once paty every three years,which composed by two parts:the ceremony of ancestor worship and the ceremony of meeting ancestor in January3rd for the traditional Chinese calendar.The ceremony of ancestor worship include sacrifices to ancestors,Taoism activities for ancestor worship and clan’s feasts and banquets etc.,the ceremony of meeting ancestor include bowing between Li descendants,clan’s feasts and banquets,reading the genealogy together and meeting ancestor.This worship custom contains the cultural connotation of"benevolence","righteousness","ceremony"and"harmony".The paper puts forward the basic idea of protecting and carrying forward the traditional Chinese culture,such as“Once tribute every three years”ancestor worship,which can be used as a reference for the core values of socialism cultivated by traditional culture.