农户兼业对水稻杀虫剂施用的影响

The effect of peasants' off–farm employment on the application of rice insecticide

在非农就业扩大的背景下,参与非农就业的农户比例持续增加,兼业农户在务农的同时参与非农就业可能会不能及时施用杀虫剂,这导致农户间施药不同步。施药不及时不仅降低了兼业农户在自家田块上施用杀虫剂的效果,而且可能对其他农户造成负外部性影响。基于江苏省25个村组279户水稻种植户调查数据考察农户间施药不同步的情况及其影响,结果表明:兼业农户的施药时间滞后于全职农户;村组内农户的非农兼业程度越高,农户的杀虫剂施用强度越强。农户兼业化增强是导致农户杀虫剂施用强度上升的一个不可忽略因素。

With the development of industrialization and off–farm employment,part–time farming increases rapidly in rural China.Households employing part–time farming may delay spraying insecticide.Spraying delays may reduce not only their own insecticide effectiveness but also that of neighbors as the unsprayed fields provide a refuge for insects.Thus,part–time farming households impose a negative externality with regard to insecticide use.Based on a survey of279households in25rice villages in Jiangsu province,we explore the asynchronous use of insecticide between part–time and full–time farm household.We find that the spraying time of households employing part–time farming lag behind those of full-time farmers,the higher the degree of off-farm employment in a village,the more the insecticide will be sprayed.Thus,we get the conclusion that the increase of the degree of off-farm employment is a key factor leading the increase of insecticide intensity.