农业共营制效率及其利益相关者筛选、激励机制——基于崇州市的经验分析

Efficiency of agricultural co-operation mode and the screening and incentive mechanism of stakeholders: An empirical analysis based on the practice of Chongzhou city

基于崇州市的实践,从利益相关者视角考察了农业共营制及其实现资源高效配置的制度因素,重点剖析了农业共营制中利益相关者的筛选机制和激励机制。研究表明:土地股份合作社可以有效筛选出愿意转让土地经营权的农户;通过培训、评级和市场竞争机制可以筛选出不同能力的农业职业经理人;通过组建农业中介服务公司可以筛选和监督经营性社会化服务主体。就激励机制而言,以"保底租金+二次分红"为主的分成制合约激励土地股份合作社社员和农业职业经理人、以按股分红的分成制合约激励农业产业化企业、以价格三方谈判机制激励社会化服务主体能够有效调动各类利益相关者提供生产要素的积极性,从而实现了农业共营制的高效率。

Based on practice of Chongzhou city,this paper analyzes the agricultural co-operation mode and its institutional factors to realize high efficiency from the perspective of stakeholder theory,especially the screening and incentive mechanism of stakeholders.It shows that land stock cooperatives can effectively screen out peasants who are willing to transfer their land management rights;agricultural professional managers with different abilities can be screened out after training,rating and market competition mechanisms;the agricultural service bodies for profit can be screened out and supervised through the formation of agricultural intermediary service companies.As far as the incentive mechanism is concerned,the splitting contract of"fixed rent+secondary dividend"can effectively encourage members of land stock cooperatives and agricultural professional managers;the splitting contract of dividends according to shares can effectively stimulate agricultural industrialized enterprises;the tripartite negotiation mechanism can effectively stimulate agricultural service bodies,leading to high efficiency of agricultural co-operation mode.