浅议《诗经》中的思归诗

On Nostalgic Poems in The Book of Songs

《诗经》中的思归诗有六十篇。这些思归诗的产生,一方面与中国农业社会所奠定的"安土重迁"的乡土情蕴分不开,一方面也受宗法制的影响,同时,也与战争、徭役、政治婚姻等现实原因密切相关。分析《诗经》中的思归诗,发现思归的方式大致可以分为驾车外出、登高、寄信、对着某一具体的事物思人思物或思归;而思归主体又可分为旅居在外的游子、在外的行役者、出嫁在外的女子、家中待亲归的女子、思念情人不得的男子或女子五类。《诗经》中的这一类思归诗奠定了后世思乡恋土的主题,在后世尤其是在汉魏时期、唐宋都得到了极大的丰富与发展,在中国古代文学上占有独特地位。

There are over60nostalgic poems in The Book of Songs.Occurrence of these poems is unable to be parted to the deep-rooted attachment to the native land,and also comes as result of patriarchal clan system.Moreover,they have close relation with realistic reasons such as wars,corvee,and political marriages.As a matter of fact,nostalgic poems in The Book of Songs can be approximately categorized into four types,namely nostalgia in taking a carriage,climbing a mountain,sending a letter and bumping into certain evocative views.Nostalgic subjects in the poems could be wanderers,forced labors,married women,left-behind women as well as women and men who missed lovers but cannot meet.This kind of nostalgic poems in The Book of Songs set the theme for later poets.The theme was then enriched and developed by later generation,especially in Han-Wei Period,Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty,becoming one of the most appealing parts of Chinese ancient literature.