含油污泥研究现状及发展方向

The Development of Oily Sludge Treatment Process in Oilfield and Refinery

作为一种典型的危废,含油污泥的处理处置较为困难。对其性质分析发现:油田和炼油厂含油污泥的性质差异较大,其选择的工艺也有较大的不同。油田含油污泥需先高效回收油,其中调制-机械分离、溶剂萃取、热化学洗涤等较为成熟,除油率达90%以上,但后续需配套卫生填埋或焚烧等安全处置,而超临界水、水热液化等则能实现油水分离及污染物的最终矿化,但实际应用中需深入研究。而炼油污泥则需在废油回收的基础上,实现源头减量化。

As a typical hazardous waste,oil sludge treatment and disposal is exactly difficult.To clarify the oily sludge disposal process,the property of the oily sludge from oilfiled and refinery was summaried and compared.Through the analysis of the characteristics of oily sludge,it is found that the nature of oily sludge in oilfield and refinery is quite different,which leads to the dfferent process of the subsequent process.Oil recovered from oilfield sludge needs to be carried out highly.Among all processing technology,the modulation-mechanical separation,solvent extraction,thermochemical washing and other technologies are already matured,up to90%oil recovery is achieved,but the follow-up need to support health landfill or incineration for further safe disposal.Supercritical water,hydrothermal liquefaction and other technologies can achieve oil-water separation,as well as the final mineralization of pollutants.But the actual application process needs to be further studied.For the oil refining sludge,we need to consider the recovery of waste oil on the basis of the realization of the source reduction.