再探壬寅学制之废除——以功能理论为视角

A Research on the Abolishment of Ren-Yin Educational System from the Prospective of Functionalism

1902年,官员张百熙负责主持教育改革,颁布了《钦定学堂章程》,确立了中国近代第一个学制——壬寅学制。可是,学制施行仅仅十个月,便被宣布废除。借用功能理论对壬寅学制进行功能分析,可以见到壬寅学制在"结构"上嫁接了科举制度的功名,所以很快得到了社会认可,可是在实践上却产生了升学次序无法确立、辍学现象普遍存在以及义务教育办学主体权责错位等三个问题,阻碍了"功能"的发挥,壬寅学制废除与它的自身缺陷有密切关系。

In 1902, Zhang Baixi, who was in charge of educational reform, issued "The Imperial Regulations for Schools" and set up Ren-Yin Educational System, the first systematic modern educational system in China. However, only ten months later, it was abolished. This paper, aiming to analyze it from the prospective of the Theory of Functionalism, finds that though the system could be soon widely accepted owing to the transplantation of the fame of the imperial examination system, the actual implementation was confronted with such problems as failure to establish the order of education, a large quantity of dropout and the misplacement of the rights and responsibility of the subject of compulsory education. The abolishment was closely related to the inherent flaw of the system.