地形条件对汉康陵封土土壤属性的影响

Influence of Topography Conditions on Soil Properties of Emperor Mausoleum in Kangling of Han Dynasty

以汉康陵封土四个坡向(东、南、西、北)和3个坡度(5°、10°、25°)样地土壤为研究对象,利用MS2000激光粒度仪测定土壤粒径分布(PSD)特征;并计算土壤PSD的分形维数(D值)和三种土壤可蚀性K值;分析土壤有机质、D值、K值的空间分布特征。结果表明:土壤有机质和D值呈对数正相关关系,二者在各坡向表层土壤之间的变化顺序一致,表现为东坡>西坡>北坡>南坡;前者在各坡向之间差异均显著,后者在东坡和西坡,西坡和北坡之间差异不显著;陵顶土壤有机质含量最低。表层土壤K_(诺莫)和K_(epic)值在各坡向的变化顺序分别为东坡<西坡<北坡<南坡<陵顶和东坡=西坡<北坡<南坡<陵顶。有机质和D值随坡度的变化表现为西25°<西10°、东5°<东10°,而K_(诺莫)随坡度的变化顺序与之相反。可采用诺莫法和Epic方法进行古代帝陵封土遭受侵蚀的敏感性评价,相对K_(epic),K_(诺莫)在不同地形上的变化更显著,并可用土壤有机质百分含量和D值对K_(诺莫)进行线性拟合,决定系数为0.993。

By taking soil samples collected from four aspects(east,south,west,north)and three slopes(5°,10°,25°)on Emperor Mausoleum in Kangling of Han dynasty as the research object,fractal dimension of soil particle distribution(D value)and three soil erodibility values(K value)were calculated and the characteristics of spatial distribution of soil organic matter(SOM),D value and K value were analyzed.Mastersizer2000laser particle size analyzer was used to analyze the characteristic of soil particle distribution.The results showed there was a logarithmic relationship between SOM and D value,which changed between surface layer soils of different aspects as the order of east>west>north>south.The difference of SOM among four aspects was significant,however,there was no significant difference of D value between east and west-slope,west and north-slope.The content of SOM was the least at the top of the Emperor Mausoleum.The soil erodibility values(Knomo and Kepic)of surface layer soil among four aspects varied as the orders of east<west<north<south<top and east=west<north<south<top respectively.SOM and D value changed with the variation of slope as the order of west25°<west10°,east5°<east10°and the order of Knomowas opposite.The methods of Nomo and Epic can be used to evaluate the soil erosion sensitivity of Emperor Mausoleum.Compared with K epic,the value of Knomo is more sensitive at different topographic factors,which can be linear fitted using the content of SOM and D values,and determination coefficient is0.993.