高校篮球运动员心理坚韧、压力源和应对的调查分析

Investigating on Relationships among Mental Toughness,Different Sources of Stress and Coping Styles Based on College Basketball Players

为了解大学生篮球运动员运动心理坚韧、压力源及其应对方式的关系.采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等,探讨篮球"Choking"现象比赛情景、压力源、应对方式和心理坚韧与压力源、应对方式的关系.结果表明,大学生篮球运动员最主要的压力源是来自重大比赛或者关键场次因素造成的压力,其次是比分接近、比赛激烈程度造成的压力,第三是教练因素对队员造成压力;大学生篮球运动员心理坚韧得分结果显示男性运动员显著高于女性;在应对方式的选择上,男性运动员面向任务应对方式得分显著高于女性运动员,男、女运动员均首先趋向于采用面向任务应对方式;五类压力源之间存在正相关性.建议教练需要促使运动员积极采用任务导向应对,加强应对方式指导,从而预防"Choking"现象的发生,增强大学生篮球运动员的心理坚韧性.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships of mental toughness,different sources of stress and coping styles.A total of135college basketball players were randomly investigated with the questionnaires.The qualitative analysis results showed that the main stress of game players was from the pressures of major competition,the next was from the stress of game fight vehemence,and the third was the stress from coaches.The scores of mental toughness of male athletes were higher than those of women.At the same time,the scores of men were higher than those of women on the questionnaire of coping style,and both of them tended to be more direct motion to process pressure.There was a positive correlation between the different stresses.It enlightened us that coaches should promote more use of task-oriented coping and strengthen the coping style guidance,which would enhance college basketball players'mental toughness to prevent Chocking phenomenon.