4-氨基-2,6-双(5-氨基-1 H-四唑基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶的合成与性能（英文）

Synthesis and Properties of 4-Amino-2,6-bis(5-amino-1H-tetrazol)-3,5-dinitropyridine

以4-氨基-2,6-二氯吡啶为原料,经过硝化和缩合两步反应,合成出一种新型耐热炸药,4-氨基-2,6-双(5-氨基-1 H-四唑基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶(ABDP),总收率为36%。采用核磁共振、质谱及元素分析对产物结构进行表征。分别研究了3-氨基-1,2,4-三氮唑和5-氨基四唑与4-氨基-2,6-二氯-3,5-二硝基吡啶的缩合反应,结果发现,3-氨基-1,2,4-三氮唑中伯胺和仲胺的亲核性相近,5-氨基四唑中仲胺的亲核性优于伯胺。用热重(TG)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了ABDP的热分解性能,发现其在322℃有一个热分解峰,322℃时总热失重量为97%,采用Rothstein方法计算4-氨基-2,6-双(5-氨基-2 H-四唑基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶的爆速为8823m·s-1,爆压为36.72GPa。

A novel thermally stable energetic material,4-amino-2,6-bis(5-amino-1H-tetrazol)-3,5-dinitropyridine(ABDP)was first synthesized via two-step reactions of nitration and condensation reaction using4-amino-2,6-dichloropyridine as a raw material with a total yield of36%,and its structure was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),mass spectrum(MS)and elemental analysis.Condensation reaction of3-amino-1,2,4-triazole or5-amino-1H-tetrazole and4-amino-2,6-dichloro-3,5-dinitropyridine was investigated.Its thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetry(TG)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Results show that similar nucleophilicity occurs at primary amine and secondary amine of3-amino-1,2,4-triazole,but secondary amine in5-amino-1H-tetrazole has higher nucleophilicity than that of primary amine.ABDP has a thermal decomposition peak at323℃accompanied with94%mass loss.The detonation velocity and detonation pressure of4-amino-2,6-bis(5-amino-1H-tetrazol)-3,5-dinitropyridine are predicted by Rothstein's method with the values of8823m·s-1and36.72GPa,respectively.