迪庆州引种早实核桃的气候因子探析

Analysis on Climatic Factors of Introduced Early-fruiting Walnut in Diqing Prefecture

气象因子是林木引种栽培的主要依据。对温185和新新2号两个早实核桃品种生长结实特性、原产地与迪庆州3个引种地的平均温度、积温、降雨量、无霜期和日照时数等气候因子进行对比分析。结果表明:迪庆州3个引种点年平均温度、积温、降雨量和无霜期与原产地差异较小,均能满足引进品种的生长结实需求;而日照时数、生理辐射和1月低温与原产地差异较大,不能满足引进品种果实发育需求,导致坚果品质差,成为其主要限制因子。迪庆州在发展温185和新新2号品种时,建议选择在日照时数长、太阳辐射偏高和冬季有7℃低温积累的地区进行,同时应加强整形修剪和病虫害防治。

Meteorological factors are the basis for introduction and cultivation of a forest tree.The fruit develop-ment characteristics of two early fruiting walnut varieties,Wen185and Xinxin2,climatic condition,including the average temperature,accumulated temperature,precipitation,frostless period,sunshine duration,between the original producing site in Xinjiang province and three new introducing sites in Diqing prefecture were com-pared.The advantage and disadvantage climatic factors of introducing sites were analyzed.The results showed that the average temperature,accumulated temperature,precipitation and frostless period of three introducing sites were close to that of original site,so the introducing areas were suitable for early-fruiting walnut growth.The sunshine duration,physiological radiation and January average temperature were obvious differences be-tween Diqing introducing sites and original Xinjiang site,which were unfavourable to fruit development,leading to the poor quality of the nuts and becoming main limiting factor in early-fruiting walnut introducing to Diqing.The deficiency of sunlight hours and higher January average temperature of introducing sites in Diqing was not conducive to the development of early-fruiting walnut fruit which could be compensated through measures of planting on appropriate areas.At the same time,the pruning,integrated plant diseases and pest control should be strengthen to improve nut quality.