锂离子电池三元层状氧化物正极材料的研究进展

Research Progress of Ternary Layered Oxide Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

锂离子电池被认为是实现动力电池规模化应用的最有前途的储能体系之一。但是传统锂离子电池的能量密度、功率密度及安全性等方面还无法满足电动汽车规模化发展的需求。正极材料作为锂离子电池中唯一提供锂离子的材料,其性能好坏直接影响了锂离子电池的性能。因此,开发兼具高能量密度、高功率密度、高安全性且价格低廉的正极材料极为重要。三元层状过渡金属氧化物正极材料因具有理论容量高、造价低、毒性低等优点被认为是下一代锂离子电池最具潜力的正极材料。但是,在高电压下却存在循环不稳定、倍率性能差及存储性能差等问题,制约了其在电动汽车上的广泛应用。元素掺杂和表面包覆等改性策略能有效克服三元材料存在的缺陷,提高三元正极材料的性能,一直是锂离子电池正极材料领域的重要研究方向。本文简述了常见的几种正极材料,着重介绍了三元层状过渡金属氧化物正极材料的优缺点和改性进展。

Lithium-ion battery is considered to be one of the most promising energy storage systems that are able to satisfy the requirements of power battery,but the current energy density,power density and safety performance for lithium-ion batteries can't meet the needs of the development of electric vehicles.As the only lithiumions supplier,the cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries greatly limit the performance of lithium-ion battery.Therefore,the development of cathode materials with a higher energy density,higher power density and better safety performance is highly desired.Owing to high theoretical capacity,low cost,and low toxicity,ternarylayered transition metal oxide cathode materials are considered to be the most promising cathode materials for thenext-generation lithium-ion batteries.And in order to fully release the capacities of ternary layered transition metaloxide cathode materials high voltage is necessary,but the cycle stability is not good enough when ternary layered transition metal oxide cathode materials are set with a high voltage range.What’s more,the poor storage performance is another factor that restricts the wide application in electric vehicles.This review describes several commoncathode materials,highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of ternary layered transition metal oxide cathodematerials and modification progress.