中西知识交汇下的“矿学”

Learning of Mines at the Meeting of Chinese and Western Knowledge

"矿学"是中国近代学者笔下的重要话题,作为一门学问,它是中西知识在近代中国交汇的产物。在中国古代,"矿学"和"矿政"始终处于"发展"和"限制"这一组张力平衡的状态之下。到了近代,随着西方矿学知识的输入,国人对矿学的认知也在发生变化。本文通过对清末矿学著述的文本分析,初步梳理了中国近代矿学的发展及其特征:经过知识分类体系的重建,中国近代学者明确了矿学的学科定位;通过将矿学与"富国强兵"的理想建立联系,消除了自古以来关于矿业的矛盾态度,为矿学的发展提供了充分的理由;通过以传统矿学知识补充西方矿学的不足,在实用主义的层面上,实现了知识的本地化和中西知识的融合。中国近代矿学为认知跨文化的技术知识传播提供了研究案例。

“Learning of Mines”is an important issue in the writings of early modern Chinese scholars.It was a product of the meeting of Chinese and Western knowledge.In ancient China,the Learning of Mines and the“Management of Mines”were in a balance between development and restriction.Western knowledge of mines was disseminated to China in19th century,so that the Chinese scholars'cognitions of mines changed.Based on an analysis of the writings on Learning of Mines in late Qing dynasty,this article tries to make a case study of cross-cultural knowledge dissemination,and discusses the characteristics of Learning of Mines.