从动型旋转齿盘分草装置的设计

Design of a grass separation equipment with driven rotating tooth disk

【目的】设计1种从动型旋转齿盘分草装置,弥补现有分草装置结构复杂、清除率不高、对秸秆覆盖适应性差等不足。【方法】优化设计1种由从动齿盘和分草栅条组成的分草装置;以秸秆覆盖高度及机具行走速度为影响因子对分草器进行EDEM仿真试验;进行田间通过性及种床带上秸秆清除效果试验。【结果】仿真结果表明该分草装置可以在秸秆覆盖高度100~200 mm时稳定工作,清除率为49.0%~57.5%。随着机具前进速度和秸秆覆盖高度的增加,清除率增大。田间试验结果表明,当作业速度为3 km·h^(–1)时,机具发生2次轻微堵塞,秸秆清除率为50.9%;当作业速度达到5 km·h^(–1)时,机具无堵塞,通过性良好,秸秆清除率为57.5%。【结论】该装置清草效果良好,可以满足小麦田间免耕作业的实际需要。

【Objective】To design a grass separation equipment with driven rotating tooth disk,and resolve the disadvantages of existing grass separation equipment,such as the complex structure,low clearance rate and weak adaptability for straw coverage.【Method】A grass separation equipment with driven rotating tooth disk and grass allocation grids was designed.EDEM simulated experiments were performed with the impact factors of straw covering height and equipment forward speed.Field trafficability test was performed and the straw clearance effects on the seed bed belts were obtained.【Result】The simulated result showed that this equipment worked steadily when the straw covering heights were from100to200mm,with the clearance rates ranging from49.0%to57.5%.Clearance rates increased with the increasing of equipment forward speed and straw covering height.The field experiment showed two slight congestions with50.9%straw clearance rate at the operating speed of3km·h–1.At the operating speed of5km·h–1,the trafficability was good with no congestion and the straw clearance rate enhanced to57.5%.【Conclusion】This equipment has good weed control effects,and it can meet the practical needs of no-till operation in wheat field.